2019年高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語知識點(diǎn)：介詞和連詞(4)

　　5. from的常見搭配

　　○1 動詞 + … from …

　　A. 動詞 + from：come from,  date from,  depart from"違背"， die from,  escape from,  fall from,  hang from,  hear from,  learn from,  return from,  rise from,  result from,  suffer from

　　B. 動詞 + sth / sb + from + sth / sb / a place：borrow from,  choose from,  keep from,  prevent from,  protect from,  receive from,  remove from,  save from,  separate from,  stop from

　　○2 be + 形容詞 + from：be absent from,  be different from,  be far from,  be hidden from,  be made from,  be tired from"因……而疲倦"

　　○3 from … to …：from bad to worse,  from beginning to end,  from cover to cover"從頭到尾"，from China to Peru"到處"， from day to day,  from first to last,  from hand to mouth,  from head to foot,  from mouth to mouth,  from start to finish"從頭到尾"，from top to toe"從頭到腳"， from time to time"不時地"， from top to bottom"徹底地"

　　6. for的常見搭配

　　○1 動詞 + … + for …

　　A. 動詞 + for：account for,  answer for,  apply for,  apologize for,  beg for,  call for"要求"， care for,  enter for"報名參加"，  fight for,  hope for,  inquire for"查詢；求見"， leave for,  look for,  long for,  mistake for,  plan for,  prepare for,  provide for"為……提供"， reach for,  run for"競選"，  stand for,  search for,  send for,  speak for"陳述意見、愿望"，  take for"當(dāng)作"， wish for,  wait for

　　B. 動詞 + sb + for + sth：ask for,  blame for,  excuse for,  forgive for,  pardon for,  pay for,  praise for,  punish for,  push for"催逼"，reward for,  thank for

　　○2 be + 形容詞 + for：be anxious for,  be eager for,  be bad for,  be convenient for,  be good for,  be famous for,  be fit for"適合于"， be grateful for"對……心存感激"， be impatient for,  be late for,  be necessary for,  be ready for,  be sorry for,  be responsible for,  be suitable for,  be unfit for,  be useful for

　　○3 for + 名詞：for all,  for a song"非常便宜地"，  for certain"確切地"，  for company"陪著"， for ever,  for example,  for fear"以免"，  for fair"肯定地"，  for free"免費(fèi)"，  for fun,  for instance,  for luck"祝福"，  for life"終身"，  for long,  for nothing,  for once"有生第一次"， for oneself"替自己"， for pleasure"為了消遣"， for sale"供出售"， for shame"真丟臉"， for short"簡稱"， for sport"好玩"，  for sure"確切地"

　　○4 動詞 + 副詞 / 名詞 + for：be in for"將遇到"， make up for,  go in for,  look out for,  take sth for granted,  have an ear for"對……聽覺靈敏"，  have a gift for

　　連詞：是連接單詞、短語或句子的一種虛詞，在句中不單獨(dú)作任何成份，一般不重讀。

　　一. 連詞的分類

　　1. 按連詞的構(gòu)成可將其分為以下幾類：

　　○1 簡單連詞，如and,  if,  or,  because,  but,  so

　　○2 關(guān)聯(lián)連詞，如both … and …,  not … but …,  not only … but also …

　　○3 分詞連詞，如supposing,  providing,  provided,  given

　　○4 短語連詞，如as if / through,  even if / through,  as / so long as

　　2. 按連詞的性質(zhì)可將其分為以下幾類：

　　○1 并列連詞，如and,  but,  or,  nor,  so,  for,  as well as,  while,  when,  not only … but also …,  both … and …,  either … or …,  neither … nor,  therefore,  yet,  nevertheless,  however等。它們用來連接平行的詞、詞組或分句。

　　○2 從屬連詞，如after,  when,  before,  as,  while,  since,  until,  till,  although,  though, if,  even if,  unless,  lest,  because,  than,  that,  whether,  so that,  as soon as,  as long as,  in order that,  as though,  suppose (that),  provided (that), in case (that),   now (that),  on condition (that),  seeing that,  so … that,  such … that,  as … as,  so …as等。它們用來引導(dǎo)從句。

　　溫馨提示：除連詞外，連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞也可以來引導(dǎo)一個從句。

　　二. 并列連詞

　　1. 表示并列關(guān)系的連詞：主要表示"和，補(bǔ)充，增加"之意，包括等。如and,  both … and,  neither … nor,  not only … but (also),  as well as等。

　　如Neither Mary nor Tom came to our party yesterday.

　　She plays both the piano and the guitar.

　　He has been to all the countries in the Middle East as well as Europe.

　　He is not only our teacher but also our friend.

　　溫馨提示：在連接三個或三個以上的名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語時，一般應(yīng)在最后兩者之間加and。如He got up,washed his face, had breakfast and rushed to school.

　　2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞：主要有but,  only,  while,  when,  whereas等。

　　如A great deal has been accomplished, but more remains to be done.

　　He is riding, while his father is walking in the dust.

　　Why did you borrow the book when you had one?

　　He is ill, whereas I am only a little tired.

　　only表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折，只見于非正式文體。如You may go, only come back early.(only = but)

　　溫馨提示：○1 有些詞或短語在句中也表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義，如still,  yet,  however,  all the same,  after all等。通常作連接性狀語。

　　如The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out

　　I explained twice, still he couldn't understand.

　　○2 whild在表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時，往往連接內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)對稱的句子。

　　如I love strong tea while my father loves coffee.

　　○3 both … and … not結(jié)構(gòu)和neither … nor …的區(qū)別在于前者表示部分否定，而后者表示全部否定。如Both you and I are not correct.     Neither you nor I am right.

　　3. 表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞：主要有or,  either … or,  or else,  whether … or,  otherwise等。如Which do you like better, tea or coffee?

　　Either you leave this house or I'll call the police.

　　Do it at once, or else! = Do it at once, otherwise you will suffer in some way.

　　Take a taxi, otherwise you won't get there in time.

　　4. 表示因果推理關(guān)系的連詞：主要有so,  for,  then,  therefore等。

　　如The air here is polluted, so the crops are dying.

　　It must be late, for I have been here a long time.

　　溫馨提示：for，because，as，since在用法和意義上的區(qū)別：

　　○1 for引導(dǎo)的句子是并列分句，只能后置，并用逗號與前面的句子隔開。主要用來表示推測性原因，或附帶解釋、說明前一分句的情況。

　　如The electric current must have been turned off, for the light went out.

　　○2 because用來引導(dǎo)表示直接原因的從句，語氣很強(qiáng)，明確地說明因果關(guān)系。其引導(dǎo)的從句可置于句首、句末或句中。如He is absent today because he is ill.

　　for引導(dǎo)分句表示因果關(guān)系時，它可以和because互換使用。

　　如上句也可以說成：He is asent today, for he is ill.

　　但表示推測性原因，就不能互換使用。如He must be ill, for he is absent today.

　　○3 since，as都是不講自明的原因，是已知的原因，as的語氣比since要弱。

　　如Since (As) you don't feel well, you had better stay at home.

　　三. 從屬連詞：用來連接分句，表示各分句之間的關(guān)系。其可分為引導(dǎo)名詞性從句、狀語從句的連詞和引導(dǎo)副詞性從句的連詞。用法詳見"主從復(fù)合句部分"。