2025年高考復(fù)習(xí)英語語法中必考的18個(gè)重難點(diǎn)
2024-09-24 09:02:58網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理
一、主謂一致?茧y題
1、一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時(shí),?謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式:glasses,?clothes,?trousers,?shoes,?compasses,?chopsticks,?scissors等。
2、如果主語用a?kind?of?,?a?pair?of?,?a?series?of等加名詞構(gòu)成時(shí),?謂語動(dòng)詞
一般用單數(shù)形式。例如:A?pair?of?shoes?was?on?the?desk.
3、并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí),?謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,?這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如:?Truth?and?honesty?is?the?best?policy.
4、當(dāng)主語后面跟有as?well?as,?as?much?as?,?no?less?than,?along?with,?with,?like,?rather?than,?together?with,?but,?except,?besides,?including,?in?addition?to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),?其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:?The?teacher?as?well?as?the?students?was?excited.
5、A?(great)?number?of修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞,?謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);?a?great?deal?of,?a?large?amount?of?修飾不可數(shù)名詞,?其短語作主語時(shí),?謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
6、關(guān)系代詞who,?that,?which等在定語從句中作主語時(shí),?其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如:Those?who?want?to?go?please?sign?your?names?here.
7、季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐、學(xué)科名稱,球類、棋類名詞名稱前一般不加冠詞。?1/2?one(a)?half?1/4?one(a)?quarter
二、形容詞的順序
1、限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國(guó)藉+材料。
2、某些以a-開首的形容詞例如:afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,?alive?等只能作表語,不能作定語。
3、某些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞:friendly,lively,?lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,silly,orderly,?timely等。
1)close接近地closely仔細(xì)地,密切地
2)free?免費(fèi)地freely自由地,無拘束地
3)hard努力地hardly幾乎不
4)late?晚,遲lately?近來
5)most?極,非常mostly主要地
6)wide廣闊地,充分地?widely廣泛地
7)high高h(yuǎn)ighly高度地,非常地
8)deep深,遲deeply抽象意義的“深”
9)loud大聲地loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)
10)near鄰近nearly幾乎
三、比較級(jí),最高級(jí)
1、表示一方不及另一方時(shí),用“less+原級(jí)+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示:This?room?is?less?beautiful?than?that?one.
2、表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時(shí),可在比較級(jí)前加表示程度的狀語,如:even,a?lot,a?bit,a?little,still,much,far,?yet,?by?far等修飾,例如:He?works?even?harder?than?before.
3、by?far?通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級(jí)。用于比較級(jí)時(shí),一般放在比較級(jí)的后面,?如放在前面,應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。例如:He?is?taller?by?far?than?his?brother.
4、某些以-or結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時(shí),用to代替than。superior,junior,senior等。例如:He?is?superior?to?Mr.?Wang?in?mathematics.
5、在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)通常用that(Those),one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。
that指物,one既可指人,也可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞,而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。例如:The?book?on?the?table?is?more?interesting?than?that?on?the?desk.
6、表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)有如下幾種句型:
A?is?three?(four,?etc.)?times?the?size?(height,?length,?width,?etc)?of?B.?例如:The?new?building?is?four?times?the?size?(the?height)?of?the?old?one.?這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(四倍高)。[高三倍]
A?is?three?(four,?etc.)?times?as?big?(high,?long,?wide,?etc.)?as?B.例如:Asia?is?four?times?as?large?as?Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。
A?is?three?(four,?etc.)?times?bigger?(higher,?longer,?wider)?than?B.?例如:Your?school?is?three?times?bigger?than?ours.?你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。
表示兩倍可以用?twice?或?double。
7、表示“最高程度”的形容詞,如excellent,extreme,perfect等,沒有最高級(jí),也不能用比較級(jí)。
四、so,?such
1、如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many、few,不可數(shù)名詞前有much、little等表示量的形容詞時(shí),該用so而不用such。如:
I've?had?so?many?falls?that?I'm?black?and?blue?all?over.
2、當(dāng)little不表示數(shù)量而表示“小”的意思時(shí),仍用such。如:
They?are?such?little?children?that?the?they?cannot?clean?the?house?by?themselves.
五、almost與nearly
1、在very,?pretty,?not后用nearly,?不用almost。例如:?I'm?not?nearly?ready.
2、在any,?no,?none,?never前用almost,?不用nearly。例如:?I?almost?never?see?her.
六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1、need?表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),僅用于否定句或疑問句中。在肯定句中一般用must,?have?to,?ought?to或should?代替。例如:Need?I?finish?the?work?today??--Yes,?you?must.
注意:needn't?have?done“表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事”。例如:You?needn't?have?waited?for?me.
2、“should?have?done”表示應(yīng)該做到而實(shí)際上沒有做到。例如:You?should?have?started?earlier.你應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)開始。
3、“ought?to?have?done”表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。例如:You?ought?to?have?helped?him?(but?you?didn't)?。那時(shí)你應(yīng)該幫他的(但是你沒有)。
4、書報(bào)的標(biāo)題,小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
5、表示感覺,愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞如have,?be,?hear,?see,?like等詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。
七、主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)
有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),但表示被動(dòng)的意思。常見的有可和?well,?easily?等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞sell,?wash,?write,?read,?clean,?cook等。例如:The?cloth?washes?well.這布很經(jīng)洗。
八、虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形
1、在動(dòng)詞?arrange,?command,?demand,?desire,?insist,?order,?propose,?request,?require,?suggest等后面的賓語從句中用“(should)+?動(dòng)詞原形”(虛擬語氣)例如:We?suggested?that?we?(should)?have?a?meeting.
2、作advice,?idea,?order,?demand,?plan,?proposal,?suggestion,?request等名詞的表語從句和同位語從句,其謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如:We?all?agreed?to?his?suggestion?that?we(should)?go?to?Beijing?for?sightseeing.
九、+to
1、在feel,?hear,?notice,?observe,?see,?watch,?have,?let,?make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中,不定式不帶to。但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),就必須帶to。例如:He?is?often?heard?to?sing?the?song.
2、不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but,?except,?besides后面時(shí),如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么,這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則要帶to.例如:
-What?do?you?like?to?do?besides?swim?
-I?have?no?choice?but?to?go.
十
作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等,不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。
1、There?/?It?is?no?use/?good/?not?any?use/?good/?useless?doing?sth.
例如:He?is?looking?for?a?room?to?live?in.
2、動(dòng)詞后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,但不能用不定式:
admit,?appreciate,?avoid,?consider,?delay,?enjoy,?escape,?excuse,?feel?like,?finish,?forgive,?give?up,?imagine,?include,?keep,?mention,?mind,?miss,?practice,?put?off,?resist,?risk,?suggest,?can't?help,?can't?stand(無法忍受)等。
例如:I?tried?not?to?go?there.?(我設(shè)法不去那里。)
I?tried?doing?it?again.?(我試著又干了一次。)
3、mean?to?do?有意...?mean?doing意味著...
I?mean?to?come?early?today.?(我打算今天早些來。)
Missing?the?train?means?waiting?for?another?hour.?(誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。)
十一
動(dòng)詞need,?require,?want作“需要”解,其后跟動(dòng)詞作它的賓語時(shí),若表示的含義是被動(dòng)的,必須用動(dòng)名詞,或不定式的被動(dòng)式。
例如:?The?window?needs(requires,?wants)cleaning(to?be?cleaned).
在短語devote?to,?look?forward?to,?pay?attention?to,?stick?to,?be?used?to,?object?to,?thank?you?for,?excuse?me?for?等后的動(dòng)詞也必須用動(dòng)名詞形式,例如:
I?look?forward?to?hearing?from?you?soon.
Badly?polluted,?the?water?cannot?be?drunk.?(原因)
Being?written?in?haste,?the?composition?is?full?of?mistakes.?(原因,強(qiáng)調(diào)寫的過程,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式)
Having?been?deserted?by?his?guide,?he?couldn't?find?his?way?through?the?jungle.(為了強(qiáng)調(diào)已完成的動(dòng)作)
Asked?to?stay,?I?couldn't?very?well?refuse.
這里?asked?可能意味著?having?been?asked,?也可能意味著when/since?I?was?asked,?但用了?having?been?asked?就不會(huì)有歧義。
下面句中過去分詞表示的時(shí)間與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間相同,所以不能代之以強(qiáng)調(diào)先于謂語動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式。例如:?Covered?with?confusion,?I?left?the?room.我很窘地離開了房間。?United,?we?stand;?divided,?we?fall.?團(tuán)結(jié)則存,分裂則亡。?He?used?to?live?in?London,?use(d)n't?he?/didn't?he?
There?used?to?be?a?cinema?here?before?the?war,?use(d)n't?there?/didn't?there?
Such?things?ought?not?to?be?allowed,?ought?they??He?ought?to?be?punished,?oughtn't?he?
但在正式文體中,用ought?we?not形式。例如:
We?ought?to?go,?ought?we?not?或We?ought?to?go?,should?we?not?
十二
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的句子表示推則,作“想必”解時(shí),疑問部分不可用mustn't
1、若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè),疑問部分用aren't(isn't)十主語,例如:You?must?be?tired,aren't?you?
2、若陳述部分的must表示“有必要”時(shí),附加疑問句部分則用needn't。例如:You?must?go?home?right?now,?needn't?you?
3、當(dāng)mustn't?表示禁止時(shí),附加疑問部分一般用must。如:?You?mustn't?walk?on?grass,?must?you?
4、前句謂語動(dòng)詞是must?have+過去分詞時(shí),若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)(一般有過去時(shí)間狀語),疑問部分的謂語動(dòng)詞用didn't+主語;若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成,疑問部分的謂語動(dòng)詞用haven't(hasn't)+主語,?例如:?He?must?have?met?her?yesterday,?didn't?he?
5、陳述句謂語部分出現(xiàn)否定詞綴時(shí)(前綴或后綴),疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:He?is?unfit?for?his?office,?isn't?he?
6、如果陳述部分包含有no,?never,?hardly,?seldom,?few,?little,?nowhere,?nothing等否定或半否定詞時(shí),疑問部分用肯定形式。例如:He?is?hardly?14?years?old,?is?he?
7、如果陳述部分的主語為everyone,?someone,?no?one等不定代詞,其疑問部分的主語可用he,也可用they。?例如:
Everyone?knows?his?job,?doesn't?he?
Let's?go?there,?shall?we??Let?us?go?there,?will?you?
十三
同位語從句跟在名詞后面,進(jìn)一步說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容
引導(dǎo)同位語從句的名詞主要有fact,?news,?promise,?idea,?truth等。連接詞用that?(不用which)及連接副詞how,?when,?where,?why等。例如:
His?delay?is?due?to?the?fact?that?the?car?went?wrong?halfway.
She?asked?the?reason?why?there?was?a?delay.
十四
關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況如下:
1、在表語從句和同位語從句中。例如:
The?question?is?whether?the?film?is?worth?seeing.
The?news?whether?our?team?has?won?the?match?is?unknown.
2、在主語從句中,只有用it作形式主語時(shí),whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語從句,否則,也只能用whether。例如:
Whether?we?shall?attend?the?meeting?hasn't?been?decided?yet.?It?hasn't?been?decided?whether(if)we?shall?attend?the?meeting.
3、在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省略)例如:
It?all?depends?(on)?whether?they?will?support?us.
4、后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如:
He?doesn't?know?whether?to?stay?or?not.
5、后面緊接or?not?時(shí)。例如:
We?didn't?know?whether?or?not?she?was?ready.
6、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,只能用whether。例如:
Whether?you?like?it?or?not,?you?must?do?it?well.
7、用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)。例如:Please?let?me?know?if?you?like?it.?該句有兩個(gè)意思:“請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡”;“如果你喜歡,請(qǐng)告訴我。”用了whether就可以避免。
十五、在下面幾種情況下必須用“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句
1、先行詞是不定代詞:all,?few,?little,?much,?something,?nothing,?anything等。例如:
All?that?we?have?to?do?is?to?practice?every?day.
2、先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾。例如:
The?first?lesson?that?I?learned?will?never?be?forgotten.
3、先行詞被all,?any,?every,?each,?few,?little,?no,?some,?等修飾。例如:I?have?read?all?the?book?(that)?you?gave?me.
4、先行詞被?the?only,?the?very,?the?same,?the?last?修飾時(shí)。?例如:He?is?the?only?person?that?I?want?to?talk?to.
5、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。例如:They?talked?of?things?and?persons?that?they?remembered?in?the?school.
十六
先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),要根據(jù)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的。
1、如果是及物的就用that(which),否則用where。例如:This?is?the?house?where?he?lived?last?year.
2、用no?sooner…than和hardly…when引導(dǎo)的從句表示“剛……就……”。
十七、倒裝
1、主句中的動(dòng)詞一般用過去完成時(shí),從句用過去時(shí);而且主句一般倒裝,把助動(dòng)詞had提到前面。例如:Hardly?had?I?entered?the?room?when?I?heard?a?loud?noise.
2、代詞作主語時(shí),主謂語序不變。例如:Here?it?is.?Here?he?comes.
3、當(dāng)句首狀語為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時(shí)也常常引起全部倒裝。例如:South?of?the?city?lies?a?big?steel?factory.?From?the?valley?came?a?frightening?sound.
4、表語置于句首時(shí),倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+連系動(dòng)詞+主語”。例如:Present?at?the?meeting?were?Professor?White,?Professor?Smith?and?many?other?guests.
5、部分倒裝
A)用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語從句。例如:Had?you?reviewed?your?lessons,?you?might?have?passed?the?examination.
B)用于“形容詞(或名詞、動(dòng)詞)+as(though)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。例如:Pretty?as?she?is?,she?is?not?clever.Try?as?he?would,?he?might?fail?again.
C)如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞。例如:Child?as?he?was,?he?had?to?make?a?living.
D)用于no?sooner…than…,hardly…when和not?until的句型中。例如:Not?until?the?teacher?came?did?he?finish?his?homework.
E)用于never,?hardly,?seldom,?scarcely,?barely,?little,?often,?at?no?time,?not?only,?not?once等詞開頭的句子。?例如:Never?shall?I?do?this?again.
Little?did?he?know?who?the?woman?was.
F)用于以only開頭的句子(only修飾副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句時(shí))。例如:Only?this?afternoon?did?I?finish?the?novel.
G)如果only后面的詞組不是狀語,則不用倒裝。?例如:Only?Wang?Ling?knows?this.
H)用于某些表示祝愿的句子。例如:May?you?succeed!?祝你成功!
十八、特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù)
stomach-stomachs,
a?German-three?Germans,
an?American-two?Americans,
man?cook?-?men?cooks;
papers?報(bào)紙,?文件
manners禮貌
drinks飲料
in?a?word?簡(jiǎn)言之
in?other?words?換句話說
have?words?with?與某人吵嘴
have?a?few?words?(a?word)?with?sb.與某人說幾句話
某些集體名詞,?如people,?police,?cattle等,?只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待,?謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:The?police?are?searching?for?him.
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