時態(tài)語態(tài),高考英語語法專練

　�、�. 單句語法填空

　　1．(2015·北京，22改編)—Did you enjoy the party？

　　—Yes，We__were_treated__(treat) well by our hosts.

　　解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里談的是舉行過的一次聚會，應(yīng)該用過去時，并且“我們”是被主人招待的，所以需用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。句意：——你喜歡這個聚會嗎？——是的，我們的主人很好地招待了我們。

　　2．(2015·北京，26改編)In the last few years，China__has_made__(make) great achievements in environmental protection.

　　解析：時間狀語in/over the last few years與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。句意：在過去的幾年中，中國在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面取得了巨大成就。

　　3．(2015·北京，30改編)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

　　—All right.I__will_call__(call) him later.

　　解析：據(jù)第一句的時態(tài)判斷，Dr. Jackson目前不在辦公室，所以打電話是將來的事。句意：——Dr. Jackson現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。——好的，我待會再給他打。

　　4．(2015·天津，6改編)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she__will_be_teaching__(teach) a class at that time.

　　解析：根據(jù)題干時間狀語3 o'clock this afternoon的提示可知，動作發(fā)生時間為將來；而句尾的at that time為一個特定的時間點(diǎn)，因此，該題強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來的大時間背景下的某一個特定時間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事，故用將來進(jìn)行時。

　　5．(2015·天津，9改編)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement__has_been_reached__(reach) so far by the two sides.

　　解析：本句中的時間狀語so far表示“到目前為止”，為現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志詞。reach no agreement短語中no agreement作主語，reach要用被動，故結(jié)合時態(tài)可知填has been reached。

　　6．(2015·陜西，22改編)Marty __has_been_working__(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.

　　解析：由后文提示he'll have finished it by Friday可知，work動作發(fā)生在過去，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行，故要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)。句意：馬蒂一直在非常認(rèn)真地寫書，他認(rèn)為他在周五前將會完成。

　　7．(2015·安徽，24改編)Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I __had_left__(leave) my book in the cafe.

　　解析：“我把書忘在了咖啡館”發(fā)生在“我意識到這件事”之前，而“我意識到”是發(fā)生在過去的一個動作，故“忘記”應(yīng)用過去完成時。

　　8．(2015·安徽，29改編)It is reported that a space station __will_be_built__(build) on the moon in years to come.

　　解析：時間狀語in years to come(在將來的幾年里)，故主語從句的時態(tài)用一般將來時；太空站是被建造，用被動語態(tài)。

　　9．(2015·浙江，8改編)Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child，few people guessed that he __would_be__(be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

　　解析：主句時態(tài)是過去時，從句動作在過去的時間上看是將來的事情，故用過去將來時。

　　10．(2015·湖南，22改編)As you go through this book， you __will_find__(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.

　　解析：一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況。在一般將來時的句子中，有時會出現(xiàn)表示將來時的時間狀語，若不出現(xiàn)時間狀語，要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動作或情況。句意：當(dāng)你通讀這本書的時候，你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)百萬的經(jīng)歷過二戰(zhàn)的每個人都有不同的經(jīng)歷。

　　11．(2015·湖南，28改編)He must have sensed that I __was_looking__(look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”

　　解析：題干中沒有出現(xiàn)具體的時間狀語，可以從意義上去把握。此句在意義上應(yīng)該用進(jìn)行時，又根據(jù)此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是過去進(jìn)行時。句意：他一定感覺到我在看著他。他突然看向我然后輕聲問道：“你為什么一直那樣盯著我看？”

　　12．(2015·湖南，32改編)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but__was_held__(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.

　　解析：被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。hold back阻隔，隱瞞。句意：我非常想進(jìn)去玩玩具，但是我幸好被櫥窗阻隔了。根據(jù)句意，此句含有被動語態(tài)在里面，hold back要用被動語態(tài)。

　　13．(2015·四川，4改編)More expressways__will_be_built__(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

　　解析：根據(jù)題干中的時間狀語soon可知，用將來時。expressways與build為被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)。句意：四川不久將建設(shè)更多的高速公路以促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

　　14．(2015·重慶，1改編)—Is Peter coming？

　　—No，he __changed__(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

　　解析：句意：——Peter來嗎？——沒有，剛才接到一個電話后改變主意了。根據(jù)at the last minute發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時。

　　15．(2015·重慶，13改編)In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat __has_been__(be) cut.

　　解析：表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：在我的家鄉(xiāng)，收麥過后農(nóng)民會舉行一個豐收晚宴。

　　16．(2015·福建，26改編)To my delight，I __was_chosen__(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

　　解析：主語I與choose之間為動賓關(guān)系；再由語境可知，choose的動作已經(jīng)完成，故要用一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。句意：令我高興的是，我被從數(shù)百名參與者中選中參加開幕式。

　　17．(2015·福建，30改編)—Where is Peter？I can't find him anywhere.

　　—He went to the library after breakfast and __has_been_writing__(write) his essay there ever since.

　　解析：由句子中的時間狀語ever since可知，本句要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)或者現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)。由語境可知，write動作現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行，要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)。句意：——皮特呢？我到處找不到他。——他早飯后去圖書館了。自那之后就一直在那兒寫文章。

　　18．(2015·江蘇，30改編)The real reason why prices__were__(be)， and still are，too high is complex， and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.

　　解析：根據(jù)語境，prices...still are，too high，推出前一空是想說明prices過去也高。故用過去式。該題中still是關(guān)鍵。句意：價格過去高，現(xiàn)在仍舊太高的原因很復(fù)雜，短暫的討論是不能令人滿意地解釋這個問題的。

　　19．The young firefighter insisted that he __was__(be) well－prepared and __(should)_be_sent__(send) there to put out the fire.

　　解析：句意為：那位年輕的消防員堅(jiān)持說他準(zhǔn)備好了，并且堅(jiān)持要去那里救火。當(dāng)insist意為“堅(jiān)持說；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時用陳述語氣，故第一空填was；當(dāng)insist意為“堅(jiān)持”時，從句謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”，又因?yàn)閒irefighter與send之間為被動關(guān)系，故填(should) be sent。

　　20．Many parents don't want to face it， but the world today is a lot different than it __was__(be) in their school days.

　　解析：句意為：(盡管)許多父母不愿意去面對，但今天的世界與他們在學(xué)校的歲月已大不相同。根據(jù)語境及時間狀語in their school days可知用一般過去時。

　　Ⅱ. 語法填空

　　在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　Dad quit drinking exactly one year before I was born. He joined a group of other people. He said they __1. had_stopped__ (stop) drinking， too. I loved my dad __2. but__ I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away from me. It seemed that they were more important to him than I was. But with my birthday coming up I thought Dad __3. would_make__ (make) an exception. I begged him not to miss it but __4. was_refused__ (refuse). He said， “I am chairing the meeting this Saturday. We __5. will_have__ (have) your party on Sunday. Why not come with me together tonight？ It's an open meeting. All __6. are__ (be) welcome.” I agreed. Maybe I needed to see why something Dad did every week mattered so much.

　　After we arrived， Dad announced __7. the__ theme of the meeting was going to be gratitude. He told his story about giving up smoking. __8. Later__ (late)， a man called Dave also told his story. Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life __9. from__ drinking. Showing up week after week and meeting with people， Dad __10. was_changing__ (change) lives. Shame washed over me.

　　解析：

　　1．stop發(fā)生在過去動作said之前，故此處填had stopped。

　　2．由loved與hated之間的對比判斷本空填轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。

　　3．根據(jù)前面的coming up判斷，make是在過去看來將來要發(fā)生的動作，故填would make。

　　4．句子的主語是I，與refuse之間是被動關(guān)系，故填was refused，構(gòu)成一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。

　　5．該句是直接引用的，根據(jù)this Saturday判斷，have是將來的動作，故填will have。

　　6．句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，all指代人，故填are。

　　7．特指本次會議的主題，故theme前用定冠詞。

　　8．此處表示“稍后”意義，作狀語，故填副詞Later。

　　9．save...from...“從……拯救……”，是固定搭配。

　　10．此處表示一個逐漸變化的過程，故用進(jìn)行時，所以本空填was changing。

　�、�. 單句改錯

　　1．...took him to US， where he introduced to the Internet.

　　答案與解析：introduced前加was　he與introduce是被動關(guān)系，句子應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故加上was。

　　2．Today is Sunday. At about 9：00 a．m.， I go to the bookstore with my friends.

　　答案與解析：go→went　由前面提供的時間狀語判斷句子用一般過去時，故改為went。

　　3．Having been seen the film， everyone was deeply moved.

　　答案與解析：去掉been　句子的主語即為非謂語動詞see的邏輯主語，二者之間是主動關(guān)系，故去掉been，成為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。

　　4．Our city had changed a lot in the last 5 years.

　　答案與解析：had→has　由時間狀語in the past 5 years可知句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時。

　　5. Many overpasses have set  up， so it has become very convenient for people to travel.

　　答案與解析：have后加been　overpasses與動詞set up是被動關(guān)系，表示“被建立”意義，故句子用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。

　　6．In the past， teachers always keep on explaining the points in class.

　　答案與解析：keep→kept　由時間狀語in the past判斷句子用一般過去時，故改為過去式kept。

　　7．The river was so polluted that it  was actually caught fire and burned.

　　答案與解析：去掉第二個was　catch fire沒有被動語態(tài)。

　　8．Nowadays there was a kind of language called Web language.

　　答案與解析：was→is　根據(jù)時間狀語nowadays判斷句子用一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　9. Last Friday our school was invited a foreign teacher in our city to give a class to the  students of Senior Grade Two.

　　答案與解析：去掉was　此處表示“我們學(xué)校邀請了……”，our school與invite是主動關(guān)系，故去掉was，句子用一般過去時。

　　10．Sometimes he repeated what we don't understand.

　　答案與解析：don't→didn't　根據(jù)主句時態(tài)判斷從句也用一般過去時。

　　11．(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.

　　答案與解析：using→used　句意：每天他都確保用于烹飪的是新鮮的蔬菜和高質(zhì)量的油。此處表示被動含義，be used for“被用來做”。

　　12．(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside.

　　答案與解析：had→have　句意：……有些人甚至要在外面等。此處是在介紹現(xiàn)在的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　13．(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.

　　答案與解析：thought→think　句意：……我認(rèn)為這是一個好主意。根據(jù)前句中的suggest可知，本句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　14．(2016·四川)Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother's Day. We get up early in the morning.

　　答案與解析：get→got　句意：……我們那天早上起得早。根據(jù)上句中的planned可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，故應(yīng)用一般過去時。

　　15．(2016·福建福州十三中期中考試)Today I've got wonderful news to tell you. I had been offered a job at a company in England for my good performance.

　　答案與解析：had→have　句意：我今天有好消息要告訴你，我以良好的表現(xiàn)在英國一家公司得到了一份工作。根據(jù)句意可知，指目前的結(jié)果用現(xiàn)在完成時。