人教版高中英語(yǔ)選修6重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)、句型、語(yǔ)法全匯總
2018-11-19 14:59:01簡(jiǎn)單高中生
Unit1 Art
重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)
aim n. 目標(biāo)；目的 vi. & vt. 瞄準(zhǔn)；(向某方向)努力
typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的
adopt vt. 采用；采納；收養(yǎng)
possess vt. 擁有；具有；支配
a great deal 大量
attempt n. 努力；嘗試；企圖 vt. 嘗試；企圖
on the other hand (可是)另一方面
predict vt.預(yù)言；預(yù)告；預(yù)測(cè)
specific adj.確切的；特定的
appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt. 將……上訴 n. 呼吁；懇求
appeal to (對(duì)某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感興趣
重點(diǎn)句型
1.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破傳統(tǒng)畫法的畫家中有生活和工作在法國(guó)巴黎的印象派畫家。
2.序數(shù)詞the first/the second/the last(＋ sb.) ＋ to do是一種常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人”，其中的不定式作后置定語(yǔ)；如果主語(yǔ)和不定式之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，不定式應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)to be done。 例如：
My monitor is always the first to come to school and the last to leave.
我的班長(zhǎng)總是第一個(gè)到校、最后一個(gè)離開。
To tell the truth, he was the last person to be met with by the manager.
說(shuō)實(shí)話，他是最后一個(gè)被經(jīng)理接見(jiàn)的人。
3.It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking that...是一種常見(jiàn)句型，表示“……令人吃驚、震驚、驚訝等”，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句作句子的真正主語(yǔ)。這種句型可以用to one's amazement/surprise/astonishment/shock 這些短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)改寫。
It is surprising that children who are seven years old don't know how to brush one's teeth.
令人吃驚的是，七歲的孩子還不知道怎么刷牙。
To our shock, the terrorist explosion caused over one hundred deaths.
令我們震驚的是，這次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。
Unit2 Poems
重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)
concrete adj. 具體的
flexible adj. 靈活的；可彎曲的；柔順的
take it easy 輕松；不緊張；從容
run out of 用完
be made up of 由……構(gòu)成
in particular 尤其；特別
eventually adv. 最后；終于
transform vi. & vt. 轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改造變換
appropriate adj. 適當(dāng)?shù)�；正�?dāng)?shù)?br />
exchange n.交換；交流；互換 vt. & vi. 調(diào)換；交換
sponsor n. 主辦者；倡議者 vt. 發(fā)起；舉辦；倡議
try out 測(cè)試；試驗(yàn)
let out 發(fā)出；放走
重點(diǎn)句型
1.This is why... 這就是......的原因。(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)
This is because... 這是因?yàn)?.....(強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)
The reason why...is/was that...(......的原因是......)一般用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
2.There are various reasons why people write poetry.
人們寫詩(shī)有著各種各樣的理由。
3.The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.
�。ㄍ{的）語(yǔ)言具體但富有想象力，這能使小孩子們快樂(lè)，因?yàn)樗鼈冄喉�，�?jié)奏感強(qiáng),并較多重復(fù)。
4.By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
通過(guò)童謠中的文字游戲，孩子們學(xué)習(xí)了語(yǔ)言。
5.Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.
另外一種學(xué)生容易寫的簡(jiǎn)體詩(shī)是由五行組成的,叫做五行詩(shī)。
6.With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
有了這么多可供選擇的詩(shī)歌類型,學(xué)生們最終也許想自己作詩(shī)了。
Unit3 A healthy life
重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)
abuse n. & vt. 濫用；虐待
stress n. 壓力；重音 vt. 加壓力于；使緊張
ban vt. 禁止；取締 n. 禁令；譴責(zé)
due adj. 欠款的；預(yù)定的；到期的
due to 由于……
automatic adj. 無(wú)意識(shí)的；自動(dòng)的
mental adj. 精神的；智力的
effect n. 結(jié)果；效力
strengthen vt. 加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng) vi. 變強(qiáng)
decide on 對(duì)……作出決定
feel like (doing) 想要(做)……
desperate adj.絕望的，拼命的
disappointed adj. 失望的；沮喪的
ashamed adj. 感到慚愧或羞恥的
in spite of 不顧；不管
take risks (a risk) 冒險(xiǎn)
get into 陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣)
at risk 處境危險(xiǎn)；遭受危險(xiǎn)
awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
重點(diǎn)句型
1.Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
每當(dāng)你想要吸煙的時(shí)候，你就提醒你自己：你（已經(jīng)）是不吸煙的人了。
every time在這里相當(dāng)于從屬連詞，連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；remind后面又跟了that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
2.Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.
即使你非得經(jīng)過(guò)多次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。
語(yǔ)法總結(jié)——“it”的用法
1.it可指代前文提到的事物；替代前文中的內(nèi)容；指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事；指代時(shí)間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象。
2.it用作形式主語(yǔ)，不定式、動(dòng)名詞或主語(yǔ)從句做真正主語(yǔ)。
It worries me that he keeps changing his mind.
3.it作形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式、動(dòng)名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句做真正賓語(yǔ)。
He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
4.表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動(dòng)詞，后面接it，然后再跟賓語(yǔ)從句，it代指從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。此類動(dòng)詞有hate，dislike，enjoy，appreciate等。
I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
5.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that(who)...
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/定語(yǔ)以外的任何句子成 分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)也可以用who。
(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于一般疑問(wèn)句：Is/Was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋其他部分。
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)＋is/was＋ it＋ that＋其他部分？
(3)在強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句
例：It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.
(4)在強(qiáng)調(diào)not...until結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)必須把not與until一起放到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的位置上
例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.
(5)如何判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句：可把 It，is / was和that 去掉，剩余部分在不增減任何詞的情況下還是一個(gè)完整的句子，那么這種句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
It was in the street that I met her father. →In the street I met her father.
It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job. →Because she was ill, they didn’t ask her to do the job.
Unit4 Global warming
重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)
come about 發(fā)生；造成
subscribe to 同意；訂購(gòu)
quantity n. 量；數(shù)量
quantities of 大量的
tend vi. 趨向；易于；照顧 vt. 照顧；護(hù)理
go up 上升；增長(zhǎng)；升起
result in 導(dǎo)致
oppose vt. 反對(duì)；反抗；與(某人)較量
opposed adj. 反對(duì)的；對(duì)立的
be opposed to 反對(duì)……
state vt. 陳述；說(shuō)明
range n. 種類；范圍
even if 即使
keep on 繼續(xù)
glance vi. 看一下；掃視 n. 一瞥
steady adj. 平穩(wěn)的；持續(xù)的；穩(wěn)固的
steadily adv. 平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地
tendency n. 傾向；趨勢(shì)
widespread adj. 分布廣的；普遍的
on the whold 大體上；基本上
average adj. 平均的
on behalf of 代表……一方；作為……的代言人
put up with 忍受；容忍
so long as 只要
an so on 等等
circumstance n. 環(huán)境；情況
重點(diǎn)句型
1.All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.
所有的科學(xué)家同意這種觀點(diǎn)：人們?yōu)榱松a(chǎn)能量而燃燒化石燃料如煤、天然氣和石油，從而引起了地球溫度的升高。
2.It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
這意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球溫度上升。
3.It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
是一位名叫查爾斯·基林的科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)把1957-1997年期間大氣層中二氧化碳的含量作了精確的統(tǒng)計(jì)。
4.They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他們還同意下述觀點(diǎn)，正是燃燒越來(lái)越多的化石燃料導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的增加。
5.On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
另一方面，還有一些人，像科學(xué)家喬治·漢布利，反對(duì)上面的觀點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為我們不必?fù)?dān)心空氣中會(huì)有高含量的二氧化碳。
Unit5 The power of the nature
重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)
alongside adv.在旁邊；沿著邊 prep. 在……旁邊；沿著……的邊
appoint vt. 任命；委派
wave n. 波浪；波濤 vi. 波動(dòng)；起伏；揮手
absolute adj. 絕對(duì)的；完全的
absolutely adv. 絕對(duì)地；完全地
suit n. 一套外衣；套裝 vt. 適合；使適宜
make one’s way 前往
potential n. 潛在性；可能性；潛能 adj. 可能的；潛在的
actual adj. 實(shí)在的；實(shí)際的
shoot (shot, shot) vt. 射中；射傷
anxious adj. 憂慮的；不安的
anxiety n. 擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望
panic (panicked, panicked) vi. & vt. 驚慌 n. 驚慌；恐慌
glance through 匆匆看一遍
vary from…to… 由……到……不等
guarantee vt. 保證；擔(dān)保
重點(diǎn)句型
1.I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.
我睡得正酣，正在這時(shí)我的床開始晃動(dòng)，我聽到一種奇怪的聲音，就像一列火車正從我窗外駛過(guò)。
2.The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。
句中的this being my first experience為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
3.It's said that... 表示“據(jù)說(shuō)......”，可以替換為“Sb is said to...”，其中的不定式可以有多種形式(一般時(shí)、完成時(shí)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。
It is said that another typhoon will come soon.＝ Another typhoon is said to come soon. 據(jù)說(shuō)又要來(lái)臺(tái)風(fēng)了
It is said that his father-in-law has been infected with AIDS.＝ His father-in-law is said to have been infected with AIDS.
據(jù)說(shuō)他岳父感染了艾滋病。
語(yǔ)法總結(jié)——動(dòng)詞ing形式
動(dòng)名詞
動(dòng)詞的ing形式如果是名詞，這種形式叫做動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。
一. 動(dòng)名詞的四種形式及其意義
1.基本形式：doing （表示主動(dòng)）
2.被動(dòng)式：being done（表示被動(dòng)）
3.完成式：having done（表示主動(dòng)和完成）
4.完成被動(dòng)式：having been done（表示被動(dòng)和完成）
例如：
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
在未來(lái)，普通人在太空旅行將會(huì)是普遍的事情。
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.
Freddy和他的樂(lè)隊(duì)到哪里都被他們的粉絲跟著。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.
我不知道他做過(guò)這樣一件違背你的事情。
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.
很多顧客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少兩過(guò)。
二. 動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)法功能
動(dòng)名詞在句中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。
Learning English is very difficult .（作主語(yǔ)）
學(xué)英語(yǔ)非常困難。
I enjoy dancing.（作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）
我喜歡跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.（作介詞賓語(yǔ)）
我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。
His job is driving a bus.（作表語(yǔ)）
他的工作是開車。
The washing mashine woks well.（作定語(yǔ)）
這臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)非常好用。
三. 注意事項(xiàng)
1.只接動(dòng)名詞（不能接不定式）作賓語(yǔ)的28個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
2.既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞，但含義完全不同的8個(gè)動(dòng)詞
remember to do sth. 記住要做某事（未做）
remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事（已做）
forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事（未做）
forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事（已做）
regret to do sth. 遺憾要做某事（未做）
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做過(guò)某事（已做）
try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 嘗試做某事
mean to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某事
mean doing sth. 意味著做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事
go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
3.it 做形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞做真正主語(yǔ)位于句末的重要句型
It is no use/not any use/hardly any use/useless doing
It is no good / not much good doing
It is no worthwhile doing
It is a waste of time doing
現(xiàn)在分詞
一. 現(xiàn)在分詞的四種形式及其意義
�、倩拘问剑篸oing （表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行）
②被動(dòng)式：being done（表示被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行）
�、弁瓿墒剑篽aving done（表示主動(dòng)和完成）
�、芡瓿杀粍�(dòng)式：having been done（表示被動(dòng)和完成）
He sat there，reading a newspaper.
他坐在那里，讀著一張報(bào)紙。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.
這個(gè)正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.
完成作業(yè)后，我開始看電視。
Having been told many times，she still can't remember it.
已經(jīng)被告訴了很多次，她仍然記不住。
二. 現(xiàn)在分詞的語(yǔ)法功能
現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可以做表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。
The story is interesting.
這個(gè)故事有趣。
He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作狀語(yǔ)）
他坐在那里，讀著一張報(bào)紙。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定語(yǔ)）
這個(gè)正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作賓補(bǔ)）
他看到小偷正在從銀行偷錢。
