新課標(biāo)2017高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題指導(dǎo)及備考策略

　　新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空題設(shè)空設(shè)空大致有如下特點(diǎn)：

　　無(wú)提示詞一般考查：冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞、助動(dòng)詞、固定搭配等

　　有提示詞一般考查：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。

　　具體策略：

　　(一)、給出動(dòng)詞基本形態(tài)，填寫詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化(轉(zhuǎn)為名詞、形容詞)，或填寫謂語(yǔ)部分，或是填寫非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；

　　(二)、給出詞語(yǔ)，詞性的變化，如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，給出形容詞，需要填寫比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞，或是填寫反義詞(前綴)；

　　(三)、給出副詞，填寫比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，或是填寫反義詞；

　　(四)、不給詞語(yǔ)填寫限定詞的時(shí)候，很可能是填冠詞、人稱代詞主格賓格形式，物主代詞、反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。形容詞性物主代詞或some、any、other、another等限定詞；有的名詞前有限定詞，比如：序數(shù)詞，形容詞的最高級(jí)等，其前用定冠詞。

　　高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空不給提示詞范例：

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ______ most modern of architects and engineers.

　　答案與分析：the。這里名詞由形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，因此用定冠詞。

　　例：【2015廣東】He owned ______ farm, which looked almost abandoned.

　　答案與分析：a。名詞farm前應(yīng)該有冠詞，因?yàn)樵谖恼轮械谝淮纬霈F(xiàn)，所以用不定冠詞。

　　例：【2010廣東】After the student left, the teacher let ______ student taste the water.

　　答案與分析：another。上文談到一個(gè)學(xué)生讓老師品嘗他從沙漠里帶了來(lái)的泉水，當(dāng)那個(gè)學(xué)生離開后，老師讓另一個(gè)學(xué)生品嘗這泉水的味道。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境這里填寫限定詞another。

　　例：【2014廣東】Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ______ was a wonderful holiday destination.

　　答案與分析：it。第二個(gè)句子中的賓語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，這里it代替前文提到過(guò)的Miami。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ______ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

　　答案與分析：by

　　例：【2014課標(biāo)II】There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

　　答案與分析：and。“There were many people waiting at the bus stop”是個(gè)完整的句子，“some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.”也是個(gè)完整的句子，兩句之間是并列關(guān)系。

　　例：【2012廣東】______he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was

　　wrong.

　　答案與分析：Although/Though。這里有兩個(gè)句子，“______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back”和“he was wrong.”，且兩個(gè)句子之間沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，根據(jù)句意可知，第一個(gè)句子是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

　　答案與分析：how。因?yàn)?ldquo;...the Pueblo Indians figured out”和“...the adobe walls needed to be...”是兩套主謂關(guān)系，即兩個(gè)句子，它們之間沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，空格處必定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意，確定填寫連詞how。

　　例：【2014廣東】I didn’t understand ______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

　　答案與分析：why

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

　　答案與分析：that/which

　　例：【2013廣東】His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, _____not save a bit of money?”

　　答案與分析：why

　　例：【2014課標(biāo)II】Then the driver stood up and asked, “ _______anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”

　　答案與分析：Did

　　總之，以上講解了語(yǔ)法填空題的部分微技能，例題都來(lái)自于高考真題，具有代表性。無(wú)論試題如何變化，萬(wàn)變不離其宗，只要牢固掌握英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)，就一定能做好語(yǔ)法填空題中的純空格填空題。

　　高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空有提示詞范例：

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ______ (painting).

　　答案與分析：paintings。該詞前面有限定詞many，因此用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　例：【2014課標(biāo)I】While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ______ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案與分析：changes。該詞后面的動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此change用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______ (clean) than ever.

　　答案與分析cleaner

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ______ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.

　　答案與分析ability

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】As ______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

　　答案與分析natural

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ______ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.

　　答案與分析slowly

　　例.【2014課標(biāo)I】Just be ______ (patience).

　　答案與分析patient

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】This cycle ______ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.

　　答案與分析：goes。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)day after day和后面的句子中使用的時(shí)態(tài)，可以確定該動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，因此動(dòng)詞用數(shù)三人稱單數(shù)形式。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】It was raining lightly when I ______ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.

　　答案與分析：arrived。所給動(dòng)詞arrive前是代詞I，這里應(yīng)該是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，因此這里用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)II】When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.

　　答案與分析to cool

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

　　答案與分析living

　　例：【2015課標(biāo)I】A study of travelers ______ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

　　答案與分析conducted

　　例：【2010廣東】He spit it out, ______ (say) it was awful.

　　答案與分析：saying。在這里say前沒有并列連詞，因此可以推斷不是并列謂語(yǔ)，是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因?yàn)閟ay與主語(yǔ)he的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。