新托福寫作中簡(jiǎn)潔表達(dá)攻略
2014-12-25 16:19:25留學(xué)網(wǎng)整理
鑒于目前托?荚囍袑懽鞯囊坏离y關(guān),筆者特意走訪了北雅國(guó)際英語(yǔ)學(xué)校托福&SAT學(xué)術(shù)中心的主任陸老師,請(qǐng)他談?wù)勍懈懽髦胁豢珊鲆暤募?xì)節(jié)。一味地追求句子的長(zhǎng)度有時(shí)反而會(huì)犧牲句子的“可讀性”,特別是對(duì)一些基礎(chǔ)一般的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),有時(shí)生硬地追求長(zhǎng)句反而破壞了句子的句法準(zhǔn)確性。下面,陸老師結(jié)合一線教學(xué)的講演,為考生們列舉一些寫得并不成功的長(zhǎng)句,并給出如何修改的建議:
避免空洞的單詞和詞組
1.一些空洞的單詞或詞組根本不能為句子帶來(lái)任何相關(guān)的或重要的信息,完全可以被刪掉。比如下面的句子:
When all things are considered,young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.
這句話當(dāng)中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion”都顯得多余。完全可以去掉。
避免重復(fù)
1.盡量避免重復(fù)使用同樣的詞匯;蛘哂械臅r(shí)候雖然詞匯沒(méi)有重復(fù),但意思卻有重復(fù)。這時(shí)候可以做一些簡(jiǎn)化的工作。例如下面這個(gè)例子:
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.
large對(duì)一個(gè)farm來(lái)說(shuō)就是size方面的large,所以in size可以去掉,改為: The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.
更簡(jiǎn)潔的表達(dá)方式為:
My grandfather grew up on alarge farm.
選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)
選擇合適的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子意思的表達(dá)更為精確和簡(jiǎn)練。雖然語(yǔ)法的多樣性也很重要,但選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)仍然是更為重要的考慮因素。以下,北雅學(xué)校將推薦幾種考生們?cè)诳紤]選擇何種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以參考的原則:
1.一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該能夠反映句子中的最重要的意思。例如:
The situation that resulted in my grandfather's not being able tostudy engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.
從意思上來(lái)分析,上面這句話需要表達(dá)的重要的概念是“grandfather's not being able tostudy”,而在表達(dá)這個(gè)概念時(shí),原句用的主語(yǔ)是situation,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是was,不能強(qiáng)調(diào)需要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)概念,可以改為下面這句話
My grandfather couldn't study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.
2.避免頻繁使用“there be”結(jié)構(gòu),例如下面的句子:
There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.
更簡(jiǎn)潔的句式為:
My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cowsdaily.