“一步登天”的高考英語(yǔ)五大閱讀考點(diǎn)

    在多年的教學(xué)過程中時(shí)常有同學(xué)問我：“老師，閱讀有沒有一步登天的技巧？使我只讀文章的一部分和提干就能選擇出正確的答案？”我說：“有。”同學(xué)接著問：“那閱讀有沒有一步登天的技巧？使我不讀文章只讀提干及選項(xiàng)就能選擇出正確的答案？” 我說：“有。”這些同學(xué)兩眼冒著綠光，接著問：“那閱讀有沒有一步登天的技巧？使我不讀文章不讀提干只讀選項(xiàng)就能選擇出正確的答案？” 我說：“有。”這些同學(xué)當(dāng)時(shí)就崩潰了，用注視著外星人的眼光注視著我，用極其貪婪的語(yǔ)調(diào)接著問：“那閱讀有沒有一步登天的技巧？使我不讀文章不讀提干不讀選項(xiàng)就能選擇出正確的答案？” 我說：“一定，沒有。”其實(shí)，不讀文章不讀提干不讀選項(xiàng)，也不是一點(diǎn)方法都沒有，比如針對(duì)高考（論壇）的同學(xué)你可以統(tǒng)計(jì)一下歷年高考中那個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確的概率最高，你就猜哪一個(gè)，至少你正確的概率大于25%.

    那只讀文章的一部分和提干就能選擇出正確的答案，有什么技巧可言呢？我把它曖昧的叫做“五大�？伎键c(diǎn)”。那不讀文章不讀提干只讀選項(xiàng)就能選擇出正確的答案，抑或不讀文章不讀提干不讀選項(xiàng)就能選擇出正確的答案，有什么技巧可言呢？我把它驕傲的稱為“十大無賴原則”。今天我給大家講解的就是可愛的五大�？伎键c(diǎn)。

    第一點(diǎn)：開頭結(jié)尾�？�

    在高中階段，我們常見的文章體裁有三種，分別是記敘文、說明文、議論文。記敘文開頭交待文章的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系，結(jié)尾往往總結(jié)出文章的主旨抑或有幾句含金量很高的句子，可以作為推斷題細(xì)節(jié)題滋生的天然土壤。說明文開頭總寫，每段第一句話總寫該段段意，最后一段下結(jié)論，總結(jié)全文。議論文開頭引出話題抑或提出論點(diǎn)，最后一段總結(jié)論點(diǎn)。從中同學(xué)們可以看出，無論是記敘文、說明文、議論文，文章中最重要最帥氣的段落，往往是開頭結(jié)尾，所以對(duì)于開頭結(jié)尾我們一定要認(rèn)真理解，尤其是文章中的最后一段的最后一句話。

    例文：

    All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources. Scientists hope to find enough mineral， vegetable， and animal wealth there to provide food for the entire world.

    1. The author wants to tell us___.

    A. that scientists try to measure the ocean depths

    B. that scientists try to make use of resources

    C. that the plant and animal life in the ocean remain unknown

    D. that scientists try to explore life in the ocean and make use of it

    點(diǎn)評(píng)：這是一道主旨題，通過文章的最后一段我們可以知道，正確答案是D.這題我我們也可以利用“十大無賴原則”中的綜合選項(xiàng)原則，只讀選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)D選項(xiàng)是A、B選項(xiàng)的綜合，所以D選項(xiàng)正確的概率比較高。

    第二點(diǎn)：因果關(guān)系�？�

    一篇文章中出現(xiàn)because/for/since/so/as a result等表示原因抑或結(jié)果的詞引導(dǎo)的語(yǔ)句，往往含金量非常高，是出題老師出細(xì)節(jié)題的最愛。

    例文：

    Fu‘s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. Once a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. “I’ll tell you，” Fu said. “But if your restaurant going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother. ”

    1. The food is called brains because

    A. it looks like brains B. it has animal brains in it

    C. Fu‘s mother liked the name D. it makes one clever and live longer

    2. Before Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food， one of the things he demanded was that

    A. the restaurant shouldn‘t offer any other food

    B. the restaurant should use his mother‘s name

    C. the shape of the food must never be changed

    D. the food must be used to help sick people

    點(diǎn)評(píng)：這同樣是一篇文章的最后一段，出現(xiàn)了兩道題目，而且第一題可以通過文中because of its shape and colour.選擇正確答案A.第二題這有最后一句話after my mother以母之名，可知選擇B.

    第三點(diǎn)：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系常考

    我們?cè)诼犃χ薪?jīng)常聽到某個(gè)男孩子約女孩子出去玩，女孩子一般回答。I‘d love to， but I am busy now.顯然強(qiáng)調(diào)的不是I’d love to而是but I am busy now.閱讀中也是一樣，出現(xiàn)but/however/whereas等表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞引導(dǎo)的語(yǔ)句往往成為細(xì)節(jié)題的出題點(diǎn)。

    例文：

    All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long. They had to come back up to the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface. Gradually they succeeded， Cousteau， a Frenchman， was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week.

    1. Which of the following statements is true？

    A. The early divers could not stay down for very long

    B. Up to now only five women scientists have stayed in the undersea laboratory

    C. The purpose of undersea laboratories is to make plans for the resources in the ocean

    D. It is easy to explore the plant and animal life in the deep ocean

    點(diǎn)評(píng)：通過文章中的All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long我們可以知道正確答案是A.而其中的B選項(xiàng)可以利用“十大無賴原則”中的絕對(duì)化選項(xiàng)原則將其排除，因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)only等絕對(duì)化的選項(xiàng)過于極端，往往是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

    第四點(diǎn)：比較關(guān)系�？�

    這點(diǎn)同學(xué)們平時(shí)注意得很少，但是如果同學(xué)們有心，可以回去看一看你們考過的卷子就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)比較關(guān)系出現(xiàn)的地方，十之八九都會(huì)有考題出現(xiàn)，當(dāng)然這里的比較關(guān)系及包括了比較級(jí)也包括了最高級(jí)。原因很簡(jiǎn)單，比較關(guān)系涉及幾個(gè)事物之間的比較，能夠很好地說明事物的特征，這樣的句子，對(duì)于出題老師來說具有很大的誘惑力。

    例文：

    Along the way， Pittsburgh University has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies， the more heat his body gives off. Boy students send out more heat than girl students， and the larger a student， the more heat he produces. It sounds rather reasonable to draw the following conclusion that the hottest prospect for the Pittsburgh University would be a hardworking， overweight boy student who is very clever in the university.

    1. Which of the following persons would produce the least heat？

    A. A fat boy students who is clever and studies hard

    B. A thin girl students who is not clever and does not study hard

    C. A thin boy students who is clever and studied hard

    D. A fat girl students who is both clever and hardworking

    2. In the last sentence， the “hottest prospect” refers to

    A. the person who produces the most heat

    B. the person who suffers most from heat

    C. the person who takes in the most heat

    D. the person who bears the most heat

    點(diǎn)評(píng)：由原文中比較級(jí)出現(xiàn)的部分不難得出第一題答案為B，第二題答案為A.

    第五點(diǎn)：數(shù)字關(guān)系�？�

    文章中的數(shù)字，表明時(shí)間、特征量間的數(shù)量關(guān)系，對(duì)于說明事物特征具有文字所不能及的作用。

    例文：

    In the United States Government， the laws are made by the Congress， which has the House of Representatives and the Senate. They are almost equal in power. The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate whose 100 members serve for six years. The 435 members of the House are elected every two years， and the number from each state is determined by the population of the state.

    1. The House of Representatives has more members than the Senate.

    A. 100 B. 435

    C. 535 D. 335

    點(diǎn)評(píng)：由原文The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate whose 100 members serve for six years. The 435 members of the House are elected every two years可知答案為D.文中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字為100和435，運(yùn)用了減法。數(shù)字題往往需運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的四則運(yùn)數(shù)，但是絕對(duì)不可能出現(xiàn)開平方，求微分等高級(jí)的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)數(shù)。